The United States And Foreign Policy - 1633 Words

The United States has always had an erratic view towards foreign policy. At its conception, it leaned isolationist for about a century leading up to the First World War before opening up to the global stage. In the interwar period, the United States retreated somewhat back into isolation but continued to support Europe and Latin America. After World War 2, America was left to assume the role as the global hegemonic power, both willingly and unwillingly. Unique circumstances such as the destruction of most developed economies allowed the United States to exploit the situation to create a world order with several differences from that of its predecessor, Great Britain. This new world order allowed the U.S. to focus on two specific thoughts on their foreign policy, Wilsonianism and Jeffersonianism, as it saw fit. In the years that followed World War 2, the United States original desire to create global institutions to lessen the burden that Washington had to bear changed significantly. It evolved into the United States leading in most global affairs, creating a new form of liberal world order in which a leading state creates international rules and institutions with the purpose of providing public services while at the same time adhering to said rules and institutions. G. John Ikenberry referred to it as a liberal-constitutional order. While similarities exist between this order and the other three that Ikenberry refers to, there are stark contrasts that make the American orderShow MoreRelatedForeign Policy, Reformed, And The United States1437 Words   |  6 PagesStefan Danilov Pol S 321 B Professor Robin Datta Response Paper 1, Prompt 1 October 18, 2015 Foreign Policy, Reformed Looking back at the history of the United States, we find ourselves in the midst of a revelation. The country of grandiose influence and excessive wealth, that we have come to know during our lifetimes, actually had quite humble beginnings. At a time when most of us are used to having most countries come to the US to inquire for help and assistance, we may not be all too aware thatRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs Kelly Anderson’s Foreign Policy Analyst, the following memo will address three areas of the United States’ foreign policy. The U.S. has gone through may transition when it comes to its foreign policy. The United States has been an isolationist, neutralist, and internationalist country from the year it was founded to now. The executive branch and the president apply their power to influence and change the nation’s foreign policy. There are specific departments within the Executive Office of theRead MoreThe United Sta tes Foreign Policy Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States foreign policy is an interaction between the United States and foreign nations. 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The United States was on its way to becoming a world power and advancing its own interest in the world, especially in the North and South America. Isolationism caused the United States to avoid being involved in other countries politics and for the U.S. to remain neutral in foreign policy Americans in the 19th century were more interested in domestic events than the affairs of foreign countries. Economic growth andRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 PagesIn contemporary, international society the United States is at the forefront of global affairs. Moreover, scholars have argued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. 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This view emanates from all the conflicts going in the Middle East that have the potential to threaten numerous strategic interests for the united Stated such as oil, terrorist, and Israel. Yet Middle East has never seen as problematic as it is now due to the excessive flux of problems the MiddleRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy1786 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United States showed little interest in foreign affairs. The U.S. relied on previous foreign policies which resulted in inconsistent international trade in the years leading up to the twentieth century. However, following the rise of the industrial revolution in the United States American business began to recognize the vast potential of the international market place. The U.S. sought out to expand its territory globally to increase trade and protect its assets more effectively. The United States

marriage and family - 1195 Words

â€Å"Marriages and Families† and â€Å"Diversity and Change† by: Schwartz and Scott What does marriage in the United States and other countries around the world mean? Debunking has five myths about marriage 1- The Universal Nuclear Family, 2-The Self-Reliant Traditional Family, 3- The Naturalness of Different spheres for Wives and Husbands, 4- The Unstable African American Family, and 5- The Idealized Nuclear family of the 1950’s. The Universal Nuclear Family is basically everything under the sun. It is everything and anything describing family from monogamy to permanence. Having one spouse, two spouses, or even more, even just living together under the same roof is considered family. Basically regardless of race, gender, social status,†¦show more content†¦Mother’s Day was birthed in the twentieth century and medical advances were made with life expectancy increased. The Great Depression took place in this century; thus came the hard economic times for many families. Thousands of jobs were lost and families that were once well off were then s truggling to survive. The studies of methodological techniques involve surveys, observations, case studies, and ethnography. It is also a tool in sociological inquiry. Surveys can be done by asking people in person or questionnaire was given to the family to fill out. Observation is just that observing people to see how the interaction takes place. Case studies are a single unit of study. Ethnography it is a view point of a group. There are seven theoretical perspectives which consist of: structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, social-exchange theory, developmental family life cycle model, and feminist theories. All theories are based upon how we look and portray human behavior. Theoretical perspectives are important because assumptions provide framework for interpreting what we observe. 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Impact of the compensation on employee performance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of the compensation on employee performance. Answer: Introduction The concept of motivation has been discussed extensively. In the previous century, various motivational theories came into existence, out of which my paper will be explaining the Maslow`s hierarchy of needs and the Herzberg`s Two factor theory (Alfes et al. 2013). With the help of these scholars, the concept of motivation especially of the employees became well defined. Each of these given scholars has given a totally different perception about Motivation and the related theories. Herzberg had often defined Motivation as performance of an action because the employee wanted to (Awadh and Alyahya 2013). Various employees get their motivation in different manners. Some get it intrinsically and some get it from extrinsic sources. The study of the relationship between the employee motivation and employee performance has been attempted in the past and it was found that there exists a proper correlation between the employee motivation and performance of job. The primary aim of the given study is to find out the relationship between the performances of an employee. This will be done by evaluation of different motivation theories and analyzing their impact on the performance of the employee. When the performance of the employee increases, the organizational productivity automatically increases. Problem statement The problem statement of the research paper is as follows: To find the relationship between motivation and performance of the employee through review of literature and analysis of various motivational theories. Objectives of the study: To find the relationship between motivation by the employers on the performance of the employees on the organization. To analyze the various motivational theories for the purpose and analyze its influence on different components of employee performance. Research Question The primary research question which has been adopted is: How different motivational methods impact the various aspects of employee performance with evidence from the literature available. Methodology In the given paper, the relationship and link between motivation and employee performance will be analyzed in detail. This will be done by critically examining the relationship between the various components of each other through a critical examination of motivational theories and literature available on the topic. I have taken data from various articles, peer Reviewed journals and web articles. Structure In the next section, the review of Literature will be done whereby the concept of motivation will be explained using the basic concepts from various journals and defining two important motivational theories of Maslows and Herzbergs respectively. The next part of the literature will throw light on the performance of employees in a company and it will also be discussing the importance of their performance. A brief description of how to measure the performance will also be provided. The various components f these two primary factors will be reviewed critically and their impact on one another will be explained. The given section will form the basis of the next sub part which will explain the relationship between motivation and performance of the employees. The reason behind their relationship will be explained in detail. The last section provides a practical example of an organization that applied motivation aspects for their employees and achieved success. A brief conclusion will wrap the research paper. Relevance to the Organization The aim of the profit making organization is to improve the organization`s productivity and increase the revenue of the company considerably. The organization has several other aims as well like to gain a good name for their organization, to satisfy employees and other such aims. However, we shall talk about the motivation and performance concept here. Employees are often considered to be the backbone of the organization as they are the primary performers. It is because of the effort of the workers, the organization can succeed in its goals. Motivation can be referred to as providing positive feedback and efforts to the organization in order to see to it that they feel good about their performance and that they are able to convert that positivity into actions. Hence, the knowledge about the relationship between the motivation and employee performance is extremely important to understand how the employees can be motivated in order to bring about good results for the organization (Awad h and Alyahya 2013). If an organization knows that if an employee is motivated, he will work harder, then the organization can use it as a tool to increase the performance and can make the employee focused. Reason behind choosing the topic Many scholars have stated over the past many years that motivation is an important tool of the organization which tends to improve the performance of the employees with respect to the productivity of the employee. On the other hand, there are some authors, that state that this is not the case and that that certain employees have their own reasons because of which they tend to perform in a poor manner such as personal problems. Hence, according to me the topic is one of the most controversial and interesting topics in the domain of International Human Resource Management. This is the reason why I have chosen this topic and decided to elaborate deeper into the theoretical concepts along with throwing light on to practical examples referring to the case of Toyota. Literature Review Employee Motivation Motivation can be defined as a system whereby the motivator gives a sense of support to the other employee and encourage them to work harder (Fransen et al. 2017). Motivation can be described as an entity that compelled a person to action (Cerasoli and Ford 2014). According to Bedarkar and Pandita (2014), motivation is a psychological process which guides one`s behaviour by providing them purpose and direction. Employee motivation is referred to as the encouragement which is generally provided to the employees in order to see to it that they remain happy inside an organization (Fransen et al. 2017). It is extremely important to motivate the employees in order to see to it that their work life balance is maintained and they want to retain themselves in the organization for a long period of time. According to Brewster and Hegewisch (2017), motivation of employees is extremely important in order to make the organization successful in the future. Motivation can be described as a phenomenon which is actually intentional and multifaceted. Cascio (2018), states that a motivational theory is often used to predict the behaviour of a person. Motivation is also often said to be associated with action and various forces from the external as well as internal environment that tend to have an impact on the behaviour of a person. Herzberg and Maslow were one of the first scholars to research on the topic of motivation and how they tend to apply this in business context. Motivational Theories There are various motivational theories which tend to have an influence on the different factors affecting the employee performance. Two primary theories of Herzberg`s and Maslow`s theory has been discussed below: Herzberg Motivation Hygiene Theory The theory on motivation which was developed by Herzbergs is known as the Two-factor Theory. The Two factor theory states the difference between motivators and factors relating to hygiene. He has stated that a single factor can never be both but a combination of both the factors. The motivators are primarily known as the intrinsic factors whereas the external factors are the hygiene actors (Cerasoli and Ford 2014). The motivators are the challenging work, responsibility and recognition. On the other hand the hygienic factors are the salary, status of the job, the security and other factors. Each of these factors can lead to a different set of objectives. The motivators if satisfied lead to satisfaction of the employee and if the hygiene factors are not present it causes dissatisfaction. The motivators are the factors that yield positive satisfaction among the employees and this helps the employees in performing better in their work place. They help in symbolizing the psychological needs that includes Recognition, growth, responsibility along with sense of achievement. The hygiene factors are the job factors which are responsible for existence of motivation in the workplace. These factors help in pacifying the employees to follow the company`s administrative policies. They include Interpersonal relationships, job security and fringe benefits (Gerhart and Fang 2015). 2.2.2 Maslow`s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow in his theory states that there are five different sets of goals which are as follows: Physiological Needs Safety Needs Love Needs Esteem Needs and self-actualization needs Biological and physiological needs Need for sex, sleep, food, drink and warmth. Safety needs This refers to the need of protection from various external elements such as security, law order and freedom from fear (Hameed, Ramzan and Zubair 2014) Love and belongingness needs An individual are a social being and needs feelings like intimacy, trust, acceptance and affection from others. When a person feels that he is a part of a group, he feels secure. Esteem needs- These needs are of two categories namely, esteem for one own self and the desire for respect from others (Gerhart and Fang 2015). A person wants to feel extremely good about him or herself. Hence, factors such as dignity and independence boost one`s being whereas respect and reputation from others like a sense of prestige and social status tends to make them feel good. Self-actualization needs this refers to the realization of a sense of self-fulfillment, seeking out personal growth, peak experiences and a need or a desire to succeed as per one`s own capabilities. The theory states that people need to be motivated in order to achieve all these needs. The employees in an organization work hard towards achieving their goals, once the employees come to know that they will be able to achieve these specific goals, it is only then that they are able to perform well towards their work. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation As per Gerhart and Fang (2015), motivation can be promptly divided into intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. This can be explained in the following manner; People generally become motivated intrinsically when they have to do a task which shall provide them with enjoyment, curiosity satisfaction, interest and a personal challenge which is important to them for their own good. On the other hand, individuals tend to get motivated extrinsically when they are engaged in some task which provides them with satisfaction of achievement that is different from the goal of achieving the work. Hameed, Ramzan and Zubair (2014), also state that the extrinsic motivation which generally points to some kind of a verbal encouragement of monetary benefit. This tends to make this kind of motivation outside of the person whereas the intrinsic motivation comes from within the person`s person goals. In case of intrinsic motivation, there is no monetary or social reward associated with it but only a sense of achievement. Hanus and Fox (2015), suggest that there are various ways by which an employee at work can get motivated both intrinsically and extrinsically. Hill et al. (2016), Suggests that different indicators or factors tend to act in a different manner for different people. When a person is intrinsically motivated it is a proven fact as stated by Howard et al. (2016), that they tend to apply more hard work and perform in a better manner. It is suggested by Joseph et al. (2015), that if an employee in general is motivated by self intrinsically they get more motivated as compared to extrinsic benefits. Elements of Employee Motivation The elements of the employee motivation are given as follows: Employee engagement Gerhart and Fang (2015), described employee engagement as a component whereby the employers apply the workplace approach and the employees are involved in the various decision makings of the firm. This gives rise to the existence of an appropriate condition for the employees to prosper in. This kind of a motivational initiative by the different employees feel encouraged to perform better and give in their best shot to the different goals aspirations of the organization. If the employees are considered before taking the different decisions, a sense of motivation is developed. Kusurkar et al. (2013), states that all the organizations who engage in employee motivation will be able to achieve higher rates of success and witness better performance. Compensation According to Karatepe (2013), compensation refers to the way the employees are paid in the organization. The compensation plays a huge role in deciding whether the employee would continue to work in the organization or not. Whenever an organization tends to offer a high compensation to the employee along with incentives and bonus, the employee tends to perform in a better manner. In a similar manner, if an employee is offered lower compensations then its a proven fact that it reflects negatively on their performance. It is a proven fact that compensation is an important factor influencing on the organizational performance, but proper execution of the compensation process is also essential. According to Hameed, Ramzan and Zubair (2014), it should be seen to it that they are not left in a vacuum as this tends to have an impact on their job content. Performance management Performance Management is also an aspect from where Motivation can arise says Hill et al. (2014). Every organization is required to conduct activities which are able to manage the performance of the employees. Performance Management helps the employees in the achievement of the goals. The performance management is conducted in order to motivate the employee and provide him the proper guideline. It is also done for a department as a whole in order to decide the performance of the organization. Through Performance Management, an employee becomes aware of his shortfalls and tries to become better. Employee performance Performance can be of two types: Employee performance Organizational Performance Employee performance is often referred to as job performance. The following section explains the difference between job performances and organizational performances. The section after that will be based on the concept of job performance and its implications. Job performance An organization cannot survive if employees do not perform adequately. The success of an organization greatly depends on the ability of the people to bring in creativity in the organization and give rise to an environment where innovation and commitment prosper. If employees tend to perform well then the general economy of the country also flourishes because of improvement of the wages, standard of living and greater good available for the consumption of the general population. Very often, according to Lepper and Greene (2015), it is in the hands of the employees to see to it that the organization tends to perform well. If the company helps the employees by providing them an environment which is encouraging and select a particular set of employees, who perform well, then they will be able to improve the overall outcome. Although individual selection is considered to be rather time consuming, it has proved to have better results. However, according to Mallin and Ragland (2015), the performance depends on the management as well. The manner in which an organization tends to distribute the tasks in the organization plays a major role in deciding the outcome. This aspect is critical for the overall welfare of the organization. Saying that, it is extremely important to state that the performance of the employee also depends on skills, personality and the experience of the employee. Relating to this Lazaroiu (2015), says that proper training should be provided to the employees in order to see to it that they gain effective skills. There exists a certain problem in the field of hob performance which is the measurement of it. Performance in organizations Organizational performance is a different concept than that of an employee performance. According to Zameer et al. (2014), the performance in different organizations is largely dependent on the sum total of all the employees and other external factors having an impact on the organization. The primary difference between these two concepts is quite evident in the sense that if the employees perform well then it will automatically have a good impact on the organization by increasing the performance of the organization on a whole (Lachowycz and Jones 2013). As the primary goal of the research paper, is to provide the link between motivation and employee performance, the concept of employee performance will be explained in more detail Factors affecting Employee Performance Work environment and Culture The work environment of the organization is a huge factor affecting the performance of the employee. Purce (2014) suggests that the positive work environment of a place has the power to boost the morale of the employee. When the employee`s morale is increased it tends to boost the productivity at the workplace. The work environment of the organization tends to determine the ethics of the workplace. Ethics has proven to have a great impact on the mindset of the employees. Skills, knowledge and Clarity about the role According to Miner (2015), Skills refer to the capability and knowledge which is necessary to perform the job. It is believed that if an employee has sufficient amount of skills available, the person is able to cope up with the job requirements and hence perform well. If a person does not have the required skills it is very obvious that the performance will suffer. Clarity about the job role is also important to perform well. An understanding about the role goes a long way in making a person want to perform his job well and accomplish personal as well as organizational goals. Employee attitude The attitude of the employee is the primary source if the performance of the employee. The enthusiasm to perform well can directly relate to the work performance. Very often some people have a bad attitude which reflects on the performance at work. The attitude of the employee is mainly affected by personal reasons also. Employee motivation and performance As it has already been stated that it is extremely important for the managers of the organization to motivate their employees well to perform in the firm. A later study by Mekler et al. (2017), established a positive and strong correlation between motivating the employees and performance of their job. This section will primarily be discussing the relationship between employee motivation and performance. It will also throw light on how the employees can be motivated both intrinsically and extrinsically in order to get better results. The relationship between employee motivation and job performance Human relations theory states that motivation leads to better performance of the employees. According to Marchington et al. (2016), the relationship between motivating the employees and job performance has been a great topic for studying for a very long period of time. Earlier research by various scholars was unable to prove any relationship between the two factors yet it was always a thought that these two had a huge influence on one another. It is only in the recent studies that it has been proven that these two influence each other to a very large extent. These studies which are being mentioned show that the influence of motivation relating to a job on the performance of the job is much larger than the previous searches. According to Mekler et al. (2017), when the component of employee satisfaction is added it tends to make the relationship circular. Herzberg in his studies had also used the term satisfaction and suggested that when there is a presence of intrinsic factors in a job, the levels of satisfaction as well as the motivation to perform better also increases. Job characteristics also play a huge rule in establishing the relationship between the performance and employee motivation. These job characteristics are skilled variety, identify of the task, its significance and feedback. As reflected in a study that the employees who work and score high in these characteristics tend to get highly motivated and satisfied. It is even easier to motivate the employees in a manner which relates to the design of the work which is their primary task. If the given employees are provided with intrinsic motivation s well as external factors then they will be able to perform well. According to Miner (2015), the engagement of the employee goes a long way in determining the work environment of the place. When the employees are involved in the decision making relating to different aspects of the firm, they feel motivated and united with the organization which contributes in making the organization a better place. Compensation is believed to be one of the biggest motivators for work; it is believed that about 80% of the employees are in a given job because of the pay offered to them. If the pay is high it influences the attitude of the employees. When an employee believes that the pay is good, they tend to put in more effort at work with a positive attitude. Performance management also is considered to be an important tool to improve the skills of the employee. Through the management of the performance, an employee gets face to face with reality and understands their weak points. When the employees understand better what is required out of them, they tend to apply better knowledge and get motivated to work harder. Hence, it can be clearly stated that the relationship between performance and motivation is circular. This has been said because if an employee performs well it causes high level of satisfaction and this shall motivate the employee to work harder (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung 2016). At times this circular relationship can be a cause of the extrinsic actors that take place however employee will is also very important and plays a critical role that has an impact on the performance of the employee. There are various factors affecting motivational theories which tend to have an impact on the performance of the employees. This tends to form a circular relation between them. Corporate Examples of motivation and employees performance For this purpose, the example of Toyota will be taken. The human resource department of Toyota takes the Maslow`s Theory of Motivation for its guidelines. It is also based on Herzberg`s job enrichment theory (Renwick et al. 2013). The company believes that motivation of the employees tends to form a vital part of the organization and that a business cannot succeed if its employees are unhappy. According to Maslow's theory, an employee needs the following. Job Security- Removal of fear of being sacked by the employers Good Pay- A good remuneration. Satisfy lower level needs- Like basic needs of food and water Culture of continuous improvement support growth toward self Actualization Safe working conditions Toyota keeps these requirements in mind before making its motivational policies. After that it uses the following to motivate its employees: HR Policies Addresses- which are present for the benefit of the organization. Continuous Improvement- In processes and procedures (Sen et al. 2017). Feedback in support motivator- From the managers Hygiene Factor- Such as proper facilities Visual Management- in form of presentations. Job Rotation and Build- to make them gain experience. Managerial implications For managers, it is extremely important to understand that when intrinsic motivations have a presence in the organization, it tends to have positive impact on the employees but the absence of extrinsic factors have a negative impact and de-motivate the employees. Therefore, the managers should make a point to address both factors (Richter, Raban and Rafaeli 2015). Different employees react differently to the differently to different motivators and hence, the capabilities of employees should be kept in mind before forming any program to motivate them. Measurement of job performances is also extremely important and needs to be considered. While designing policies and other relevant procedures for the employees, the managers can make use of the concepts stated. Integrated Analysis of research findings The research reflected that motivation has an impact on the performance of the employee. Motivation consists of various components like Compensation Performance Management and Employee engagement which are clearly linked to the various factors affecting employee performance which are work environment, skills and capabilities and employee attitude. Hence, if an organization wants to succeed, it has to motivate the employees at every level Conclusion The conclusion will be linked to the objectives of the study: Objective 1: To find the relationship between motivation and employee performance The primary research question of the given paper was to find out the relationship between performance and motivation and find out the extent to which motivation of the employees tend to enhance the performance at the workplace. From the study it was witnessed that the performance of the employees actually are influenced by the motivation that is provided to the employee by using either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. This often becomes a critical task for the managers. Research from journals and books also highlighted the fact that while intrinsic motivation is long term and tends to stay with the employee for a longer period of time, extrinsic motivators provide short term objectives for the organization. If the organizations make use of proper methods in order to motivate the different employees, it will be able to survive all resistance and changes that take place in the external environment of the business. Objective 2: To analyze various motivational theories and see their impact on various factors affecting the performance of the employee. Maslow`s and Herzberg`s Theory was analyzed and it was witnessed that the various hygiene factors of the Herzberg`s theory have a clear impact on the performance factors of the employee. As stated earlier presence of the factors tens to satisfy the employees which instigate them to perform well and the absence of the factors like proper compensation and engagement tends to dissatisfy them which leads to decreased performance at work. However, there is a gap in the literature stating that all the studies do not come to the same conclusion with respect to the impact of motivation on performance. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p.168. Bedarkar, M. and Pandita, D., 2014. A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,133, pp.106-115. Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., 2017.Policy and practice in European human resource management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield survey. Taylor and Francis. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Cerasoli, C. P. and Ford, M. T. ,2014. Intrinsic motivation, performance, and the mediating role of mastery goal orientation: A test of self-determination theory.The Journal of psychology,148(3), 267-286. Chelladurai, P. and Kerwin, S., 2017.Human resource management in sport and recreation. Human Kinetics. Fransen, K., Boen, F., Vansteenkiste, M., Mertens, N. and Vande Broek, G. ,2017. The Power of Competence Support: The Impact of Coaches and Athlete Leaders on Intrinsic Motivation and Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports. Gerhart, B. and Fang, M. ,2015. Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), 489-521. Hameed, A., Ramzan, M. and Zubair, H.M.K., 2014. Impact of compensation on employee performance (empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan).International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(2). Hanus, M. D. and Fox, J. ,2015. Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: A longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance.Computers and Education,80, 152-161. Hill, B. D., Foster, J. D., Sofko, C., Elliott, E. M. and Shelton, J. T. ,2016. The interaction of ability and motivation: Average working memory is required for Need for Cognition to positively benefit intelligence and the effect increases with ability.Personality and Individual Differences,98, 225-228. Howard, J., Gagn, M., Morin, A. J. and Van den Broeck, A. ,2016. Motivation profiles at work: A self-determination theory approach.Journal of Vocational Behavior,95, 74-89. Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., and O'boyle, E. H. ,2015. Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), 298. Karatepe, O.M., 2013. High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: The mediation of work engagement.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.132-140. Kusurkar, R.A., Ten Cate, T.J., Vos, C.M.P., Westers, P. and Croiset, G., 2013. How motivation affects academic performance: a structural equation modelling analysis.Advances in Health Sciences Education,18(1), pp.57-69. Lachowycz, K. and Jones, A. P. ,2013. Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health: development of a theoretical framework.Landscape and Urban Planning,118, 62-69. Lazaroiu, G. ,2015. Employee motivation and job performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, 97. Lepper, M. R. and Greene, D. (Eds.). ,2015.The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. Psychology Press. Mallin, M. L. and Ragland, C. B. ,2015. Managerial Power-Base Effects on Sales Person Intrinsic Motivation and Performance: A Conservation of Resources View. InIdeas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old(pp. 699-699). Springer, Cham. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R. and Kynighou, A., 2016.Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Mekler, E. D., Brhlmann, F., Tuch, A. N. and Opwis, K. ,2017. Towards understanding the effects of individual gamification elements on intrinsic motivation and performance.Computers in Human Behavior,71, 525-534. Miner, J. B. ,2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Richter, G., Raban, D. R. and Rafaeli, S. ,2015. Studying gamification: the effect of rewards and incentives on motivation. InGamification in education and business(pp. 21-46). Springer, Cham. Sen, A. P., Huffman, D., Loewenstein, G., Asch, D. A., Kullgren, J. T. and Volpp, K. G. ,2017. Do financial incentives reduce intrinsic motivation for weight loss? Evidence from two tests of crowding out. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance and Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Zameer, H., Ali, S., Nisar, W. and Amir, M., 2014. The impact of the motivation on the employees performance in beverage industry of Pakistan.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences,4(1), 293-298

Tone of the poem Essay Example For Students

Tone of the poem Essay The length of the two poems is noticeably different, with AWIL being much shorter than CUFTFF. From reading the poems, you can realise that CUFTFF is much more descriptive than AWIL. We are given details of how the characters are related to each other, by reading mother, father and son. Also, we are given a very clear and precise description of the setting, compared to AWIL. I think that the author has done this to focus the reader on a particular family, to make them realise their true loss. The more a reader knows about the characters and their surroundings, the more they will be able to understand a message from anothers point of view. AWIL contrasts sharply with this aspect of the poem; this poem is considerably short and straightforward with less description. I believe that the author has chosen to write the poem in this way to imply to the audience that this loss applied to so many women. As a reader, we know that the poem does not focus on any person in particular, as the author has chosen to use the terms she and he. We will write a custom essay on Tone of the poem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also, we are not given any indication as to what these characters look like. This style of writing gets a similar message across to the audience in a completely different way. The theme and the meaning of the two poems are undeniably identical. I believe that the theme of the both the poems is grief and the reality of war. I also believe that the authors of the poems were trying to convey a strong message; that it is not just the soldiers who suffer in the war, but it is also very much the families too. This message also shows that war effected almost everyone in an emotional way, and that war was not as glorious as it was portrayed to be. This brings me also to believe that the authors of these two poems both shared the same feelings and attitudes toward war. I think that they felt deeply sorry for those who had lost loved ones in battle. Some words chosen by the two authors of these poems create the same meaning but in totally different ways. For example, Thomas Hardy, the author of AWIL, has chosen to reveal the soldiers death by using the word fallen. This is a much softer way of revealing that the wifes husband had been killed in battle and makes the reader sympathetic towards the wife. Walt Whitman, the author of CUFTFF however, chose to write he is dead. I believe that this is more shocking for the reader, as they are not expecting it especially as they have just been told Pete will soon be better. The two ways of revealing the death of the soldiers are different and, whilst the reader is feeling sympathetic in both cases, the words also have different affects on them. The tones of these poems begin and end quite differently. At the beginning of AWIL, the mood is very eerie, cheerless and gloomy, whilst the atmosphere is being illustrated. Words such as tawny vapour and cold create this tone. As a reader, you can tell something terrible is about to be revealed, so you are prepared by for it. At the beginning of CUFTFF however, the tone is cheery, optimistic and joyful. This mood is created by words such as leaves fluttering, calm, vital and beautiful. These words not only create a peaceful atmosphere, but also the reader is not expecting something bad to occur. Although the news of the injured son brings a sad tone to the poem, hope is restored when the letter states At present low, but will soon be better. As the tone of AWIL prepares the reader for bad news, it is no surprise to them when the tragedy is revealed. The mood suddenly turns darker and depressing. The quotation the fog hangs thicker when the poem is referring to the next day, implies that matters are worse, as the wife has been waiting all this time for bad news. .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .postImageUrl , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:hover , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:visited , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:active { border:0!important; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:active , .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9 .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u190413ab149b5a921c279a52b8278ae9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Siddhartha Essay QuestionsThe next part of the poem, when the wife is reading the letter from her husband, is ironic but also has a sense of happiness; the husband has written about all the things he hopes to do with his wife when he returns home. The words penned in highest feather indicate that the husband was in a very hopeful and optimistic mood, and so this changes the tone of the poem. Towards the end of CUFTFF the tone of the poem takes an unexpected turn when the reader is shocked with the words he is dead already. Instantly, the mood is changed to misery and hopelessness. Like AWIL, this poem uses irony but in a different way, as the family received the letter of hope after the son had died. This leaves the poem on a note of despair. In conclusion the audience of the two poems can see how different strategies of approaching similar stories can change the way meaning is illustrated. The main similarity between the two poems is their message although they have been expressed in some very dissimilar ways. The main difference between the two poems is their structure and methods of bringing the pint of the poem across to the reader.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay †Shakespeare

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay – Shakespeare Free Online Research Papers A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Shakespeare The play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† written by Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare. In the play Shakespeare could write a tragedy and comedy at the same time. In â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† he shows another play to represent parallels to â€Å"Romeo and Julia†, but both plays have the same background, magic and fantasy. In this story Shakespeare shows many different kinds of love and marriage. In the story â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† there are four plots, the royal wedding of Theseus (the duke of Athenia) and Hippolyta (the amazon queen) and the story of Athenias young lovers, Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena. The main conflict in this play is the conflict between Oberon and Titania (the fairy queens) because both are jealousy of each other. Oberon is very angry and plays a trick. He orders his servant Puck to bring his a special flower who causes on to love the first person a person sees. Oberon gives it her and she falls in love with Bottom, an ugly creature. Puck gives this charm juice the other lovers and causes a big confusing. Oberon sees that and orders puck to cancel it. He makes this and all was again good. Now I came to the question: Should â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† be performed on stage nowadays? Pro arguments: ? Real and fantasy world. Both plays, the â€Å"real† play and the play within combine good to each other. This combination makes the play more interesting and mysterious. The play is very amousing and has a lot of fun. ? The play has a good contrast of a happy end and a sad end because the â€Å"real† play has a happy end and the play within has a sad end. This is good and brings change in the play. ? This play shows the energy and the force of the nature. The play shows that one cannot affect the destiny and nature. What belongs together find also together ? The play is a fairy-tale and this is good because the people that watch or read this play can feel these plots better. Contra: ? The real and the fantasy worlds are more into another that makes it more difficult to understand ? It cannot keep apart the real and the fantasy worlds ? The play is not corresponds no longer up to date. Now I came to my own opinion whether the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played or not. I think that the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played today, because it shows us humans, that we have to fight against the patriarchal, (the man dominates). It is completely important that the play A Midsummer Nights Dreamâ€Å"wants us to show that we cannot do nothing against the power of nature and the strength of the love is powerless and which we the destiny not to affect to be able. We cannot delay our destiny however to prevent. The play should be played, since it will remain an always topically topic, the love. The love is a topic that always exists. The love is concerned to everyone. The love is in the centre of this history. This makes the play more interesting. If one is the acting modernized then that the play which one also still in 20 years could. The play plays in the coming year. Research Papers on A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - ShakespeareHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is Art

Long MLK Analysis Essay

Long MLK Analysis Essay Long MLK Analysis Essay Curtis Long COMM 300 MLK Analysis This paper will analyze and discuss the â€Å"I have a dream speech† by Dr. Martin Luther king Jr. which was presented in 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial. The speech is about the failed promises of equality for all, focusing mainly on blacks. The speech culminated a civil rights march on Washington in an attempt to secure rights for African-Americans. The march, King's speech, and other boycotts and protests eventually led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed many aspects of discrimination. The reason that the speech had such a massive impact is due to the tense social mood of the time and it gave black activists a vision for the future. It hit directly into the hearts and minds of white and blacks across America, and made people willing to change history. In just 17 minutes, Dr. King influenced and informed generations and generations of people about the racial inequality. According to almost all scholars, the seventeen-minute speech is a masterpiece of rhetoric usage . He referred to many other famous speeches and documents, including the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, the United States Constitution, and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. This is obvious when analyzing the speech as one can notice that King structures his speech to appeal to a large array of audiences and supporting it with the three rhetorical modes of ethos, logos and panthos engraving Dr. King’s name in history. The act was Dr. King’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech. This speech was about civil rights and was aimed towards all people in the hopes that one day everyone can live together equally. He also made many references to the economy, by stating that he refuses to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. The scene, was the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. This location helped devlier a huge advantage for Dr. King, as Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which had freed the slaves, so associating himself with Lincoln he portrayed himself as a great leader, and someone who was a champion for black's rights. This combined with his statement of 100 years later the negro is still not free and is crippled by the manacles of segregation. He also mentions many southern states who were staunchly opposed to desegregation, in particular he mentions Alabama with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification", in an attempt to point out the hate these people have towards blacks. The agent, is Dr. King, who gave the speech. He gave this speech because he wanted equality among races, and worked in order to achieve this goal. hoped that the children that they would see that someday.â€Å"Through his activism, he played a pivotal role in ending the legal segregation of African-American, and following this game changing speech he became the face the movement. The agency, was the change that Dr. King sought out. The change in laws which were oppressing black men and women. He continually repeats that â€Å"I have a dream†, this is to emphasis that equality is not a reality, but that there is hope to achieve his dream. He also mentions

In what ways was the Ottoman Empire different to its West European Essay

In what ways was the Ottoman Empire different to its West European counterparts - Essay Example During the reign of Muhammad II that lasted between 1451 and 1481, Ottoman Empire was actively involved in absorbing other states. Within this period Ottoman Empire was able to end all the other local Turkish dynasties hence becoming the superpowers of the region. With such a heavy backing from the fact that they had no dynasties to compete with, Ottoman Empire’s expansion started under Osman I, Orkhan, Murad I, and Beyazid I, which happened at the expense of numerous other empires such as Byzantine, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Due to pressure from Ottoman, another active and strong empire, Bursa fell in 1326, which was followed by the fall of Adrianople in 1261 (Said, 1978). Amazing, besides ensuring that these two (Bursa and Adrianople) empires fell, Ottoman Empire mocked them by making them the capital of the empire in turns that is, when Bursa fell it was made the capital and later on Adrianople was made the capital of the empire after its fall (Dale, 2010). This marked the begi nning of expansion for Ottoman Empire, which continuously grew and developed through taking over other Turkish dynasties or empires. Period of Great Expansion Through Muhammad I, Ottoman Empire was united against other empires. Muhammad I strongly believed that the only way of expanding of the empire was to take over other empires that surrounded Ottoman Empire. Consequently, many empires were victims of such strategy thus marking the initial stage of the â€Å"Great Expansion† (Dale, 2010). Amongst the taking over that occurred during the period of Great Expansion include victory at Varna and the 1453 capture of Constantinople. It is amazing how Ottomans changed from nomads to being the heirs of most ancient existing empire within Europe (Palmer, 1992). The weakness and disunity of the adversaries that competed and surrounded Ottoman Empire was a great step in enhancing the empire’s success. In addition, Ottoman through Muhammad I created a well-organized military gro up, which ensured that all the captures and take over was successfully done (Dale, 2010). Their military organization was considered superior to all the other surrounding dynasties (Said, 1978). Surprisingly, such military organizations consisted of mainly Christians who were not only corps of Janissaries but also volunteers who were ready to fight for their empire (Dale, 2010). With such beautifully organized military organization, Ottoman was able to continuously expand until the 16th century where the expansion and growth of the empire reached its peak. Defeating the Hungarian in 1526 gave Ottoman Empire a boost and confidence in more capture and take-over especially the 1541 capture of Buda as well as taking in of major part of Hungary that form Ottoman’s empire. Continuous capturing and taking over of different dynasties led to the opening up of the empire’s boundaries into Persia and Arabia; a factor that enhanced the strength within the region. During the reign of Selim I, more dynasties were defeated giving opportunity and strength for the expansion and growth of Ottoman Empire. In 1535 when Sulayman I started his reign, the empire continued to capture and take over more empires in a bid to being the heir

NIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NIC - Essay Example For this reason, I would strongly believe and concur that nursing interventions would be different for less and more experienced nurses. First, several strategies are employed in the development of a critical thought of nursing education. These strategies are essential in the attainment of high-quality nursing/clinical practice; hence, likely to be found among the more experienced nursed. Second, the nursing interventions would be different since the most experienced nurses have a high accuracy to clinical practice and would not waste time and energy in handling any case. This would ensure that minimal harm is caused to the patients, and their respective families satisfied. Third, more experienced nurses would have better nursing interventions than the less experienced ones due to the professional engagements they have undertaken. These nurses possess essential features of nursing such as the provision of caring relationships to patients; hence, facilitating health and healing (Macnee & McCabe, 2007). They also pay attention to the variety of human experiences and rejoinders that entail health or illness within the respective physical environments, and are well equipped to integrate knowledge with data assessments obtained from patient appreciations. Finally, the more experienced nurses are better at nursing interventions due to their capability to apply scientific knowledge to diagnosis and treatment processes through judgmental and critical thinking. Therefore, they have the capability to influence public and social policies towards the promotion of social justice in health institutions. The more experienced nurses are able to think critically than the less experienced ones; hence, an indication of a knowledge base from which to reason, analyze, and appraise evidence (Hughes et al.,

Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Business - Essay Example Introduction In the twenty first century, the companies are experiencing unprecedented global competition and economic uncertainties along with challenges of managing their social responsibilities. As the companies expand their business globally they are facing a number of challenges regarding their human resources and several other issues regarding the conduct of their businesses. Human resource management is a key issue for consolidating the business globally as well as maintains a healthy image of the company (Palthe, n.d.) According to Morrison, integration of the nations and the citizen towards a global market opens up opportunities as well as risks for large corporations (Mennen, 2010, p.2). Globalization has also led to a change in the paradigm of how business is conducted globally. The organizations have to take into account various other issues apart from their sales and production to sustain their profitability. The company’s image, participation in the stock exchang e and taking care of the social responsibilities find high priority in the company’s agendas. The three principles of sustainable development of an organization suggest profit, people, and planet. Management of this is a crucial issue for any company as efficient management of all three contributes measurably to the profits for any company. Good social behavior along with ethical corporate has made many of the global companies flourish. 77% of the executives from various corporate have confirmed that undertaking corporate social responsibility programs and good governance practices have benefitted their companies in terms of profit. Corporate Social Responsibility programs of any company have different dimensions. The company has to address the environmental issues like their carbon footprint and maintenance of local environment, have proper corporate ethics regarding employees, customers and other stakeholders and product safety. CSR as a crucial aspect of corporate manageme nt have gained importance in the recent years. Companies that have a good reputation in this regard have outperformed their counterparts that are less reputed. For a company recognitions come in various ways like the Most Admired Company List or the Corporate Citizenship List as well as a rise in profit. The image of the company and the trust it enjoys from the customer helps it develop business for a long period of time. Companies are eager to get enrolled in the Dow Jones Environmental and Social Criteria. All this is evident of the increasing consciousness among the organizations to reshape their businesses to the new trends and practices of the global businesses. The perception about the responsibility of the business towards the society in terms of human rights, labour standards, environmental concern, and attitude towards corruption has changed over the years due to globalization. This has resulted in the companies addressing the issues and challenges faced by the global busin esses. Research is being conducted everywhere and new models of businesses are being developed and incorporated by the companies (Palthe, n.d.) We shall try to investigate the role of the stock exchanges in the businesses of a company and also the issues regarding the responsible management practices especially the principles laid down by the United Nations Global Compact on responsible manag

Report on Applied Management Project

Report on Applied Management Project According to Gibbs (1988), simply having an experience is not adequate enough to promote learning. Not reflecting on an experience gained through learning would result in you loosing that knowledge acquired. It is from the concept of reflection that assumptions and theories are drawn. And it is this assumption that allows new situations to be handled more effectively. (Gibbs 1988). The process of reflection, presents an opportunity for an individual to gain further insight into his/her work through critical reflection on experiences, and through further deliberations of other viewpoints from authors and theories. Moron (1999) sheds more light on this topic by stating that, reflection is a form of mental activity (or a way of thinking) that enables an anticipated outcome to be achieved. She suggests that reflection is applied to complex situation where there is no obvious solution. In simple terms, reflection evolves around the notion of learning. Through the process of reflection, we conduct an in-depth review of a piece of work. Reflection occurs when there is a motive or a set target. Subconsciously, this motive may not be realized. In spite of the fact that it may not be a planned endeavour, it is through this same process that a new idea evolves. Reflection is seen as an examination or review of earlier actions, events or decisions. Jasper (2003) contributed to this concept by suggesting that when we reflect on earlier experiences, we end up enhancing our being through the acquisition of new knowledge. LEARNING THROUGH REFLECTION Reflection can be defined in so many ways but they all yield the same outcome learning. David Kolb (1984) supports Gibbs (1988) and Jasper (2003) definition of reflection through the development of the Kolb cycle. It is drawn below in a simplified manner but still portrays Kolbs concept of reflection. The cycle is trigged by the idea of having an experience from a piece of work which goes through vigorous experimentation and reproduced through a new experience. Reflection plays a vital role in this cycle as it reproduces this new experience through the process of learning. Kolb (1984) saw reflection as a psychological activity that has a significant role to play in learning from an experience. In the Kolb cycle, reflection is seen as a developmental stage of the process of observation. In other words through the course of making an observation, an individual tends to reflect on an experience before the notion of learning is realized. While agreeing with this cycle, Moon (1999a) introduced another angle to this phenomenon by suggesting that while reflection is seen as a vital aspect of learning, it also acts as a catalyst for the assimilation of information already acquired. She elaborates further by emphasizing that reflection forms part of a kind of cognitive housekeeping role which in turn creates a new learning experience. RECOLLECTION OF EXPERIENCES The AMP began with a week of induction. Before the week, a module timetable was posted on Breo which divided students into cohorts according to courses and allocated venues. During the first three days tutors are assigned to various sessions to introduce the module to students and to provide us with necessary information required to embark on the project. On the third day, students are expected to form groups. After the formation of groups, each group is allocated a topic. We are to work together as a team to research on the topic and to come up with relevant resources. With the help of an assigned tutor or supervisor the topic is further broken down and made clear to all members of the group. At the end of the week we are encouraged to work individually and to share resources when appropriate. A summary of what took place during the 12 weeks is as outlined below. Day 1 Unfortunately, this day fell on my birthday. I woke up very reluctant to attend the first session but upon remembering the warning which came with the timetable, I had no option than to catch the virgin bus to Luton. I arrived 30mins late only to be embarrassed by the tutor on duty. Everyone seemed happy and the room was very noisy. Most of us were still talking about the exams. After the news that the topic would be given, the room became quiet all of a sudden. I became tensed and anxious because I had a topic in mind which I have been researching on. Whiles we were being introduced to the unit and the topics of report writing, information sourcing and referencing, I was busy reading the module handbook because I was still confused. We were informed that the project topic would be given out on the third day so we had to continue reading the module handbook and ask questions in our next session. I spent the rest of the night reading the handbook hoping the next day would not b ring anymore surprises. Day 2 The second day was even worst. Even though we had a tutor who kept making funny jokes, the introduction of Plagiarism, chunking and reflective writing really made me quite unsettled. The plagiarism session noted various examples of plagiarism and emphasized on the dos and donts of a good project. I was beginning to loose hope when the academic librarian took the stage. He talked about where to get relevant materials for our project. He answered almost all my questions and also said we would be spending sometime with the librarians to practice how to source for materials for our project. During the break, I met with my former group members and we agreed to stick to the same group. I was excited because most of us were hard working. Just when I was beginning to feel a bit better we were informed at the end of the session that the groups we form would be functional for just the subsequent two days. I went home even more unsettled and tensed than I was the previous day. Day 3 The next day, after meeting with my group members, we submitted our names and we were asked to choose a team leader to pick the topic. I was nervous and kept praying for my team leader to pick a reasonable topic. After some few minutes, she came back with our topic. Initially I panicked because I did not understand the topic but after reading through more than once, I had an idea of what was required. I couldnt wait any longer. I started reading, researching and making my own notes. I also passed through the shopping mall on my way home to grab a diary like I was advised. Day 4 and 5 -The final days of the induction week came very quickly and we were reminded that it was the last opportunity we had to ask for help on anything relating to the project topic. We were informed that any further attempt by a student to seek further guidance regarding the project topic would be denied. Although, I had a clear understanding of what I was expected to do, I was still unhappy at the end of the induction week. I was expecting to be supervised by an assigned tutor until the project was completed. Never the less, the group discussions we had with the assigned tutors reassured my confidence. It gave me the much needed clarification, direction and scope of research required. Weeks 2 and 3- In week 2, I started searching for relevant materials for my project. My first starting point was Google search engine as advised by one of the tutors during the induction week. My next point of call was the Universitys digital library and then the Milton Keynes library. My group members agreed to meet every Friday but I could not make it because I was working. They kept sending an update of the meeting until everyone decided to do an independent work. I still kept in contact with my group members to see what they came up with. We shared a lot of resources through email. I gathered as many articles and journals as I could and also kept updating my diary. Most of the information I came across were electronic books so it made my work easier. Week 4, 5 and 6 During the 4th week, it was more of the same thing. I kept reading and piling up articles and updating my diary. I realized that most of the materials we gathered during the first week had nothing to do with the topic because we were just brainstorming and searching with keywords so I deleted them. I took a second look at the objectives outlined during the group meeting and realized we had highlighted all the requirements needed to complete the project. I wrote short notes on any relevant material I came across and kept the reference in another folder. After realizing the magnitude of articles I had piled up, I became scared of loosing them so I made copies as backup. In week 5, I started extensive reading on the relevant materials and made important notes that would help me with the structure of my work. I later realized in week 6 that I was having an entirely different notion of the project topic. I now understood some other angles in which I had to tackle the proj ect topic which was completely different from my initial approach during the induction week. Weeks 7, 8 and 9- From previous experience, I decided to start with the body of the report. As I started typing out what I had written down, I realized that I had too many theories and most of them were just talking about totally different things. I began to panic so I stopped, took a second look at the articles and deleted the irrelevant ones. I managed to bring everything together on paper before typing again. I initially thought it would be very easy to put all the information together after several weeks of extensive reading. In week 8, I discovered some of the things I wrote down were not heading in the direction I had hoped for so I decided to take a second look at the materials I considered irrelevant. To my amazement, these materials were making more sense than the previous materials. I started reading and integrating the useful information into what I previously had. By the end of week 9, I had completed my literature review. Weeks 10 and 11- On the 10th week, I woke up with a terrible headache hence I progressed at a very slow pace. A group member advised me to start working on the reflective report. The diary was very helpful. I used the module handbook as a guide to start my reflective report. I was determined to complete my report before the deadline. In week 11, I completed my reflective report but I was unsettled because it accounted for just 20% of the overall mark. I decided to adopt a strategy of typing out relevant information I had in my hand written notes. I was astonished to find out that I only had to take out some few sentences and I was back on track. I banned my self from watching television and social networking sites till my work was submitted. Week 12- The last week of the AMP was really stressful. I sat down in front of my computer from 7:00 in the morning till 11:00 in the evening. My eyes were hurting but I couldnt take any chances. The pressure kept pilling up when I received a call from my father asking about my graduation date so that he could book his air ticket on time. Through hard work and dedication, I finished my work on the fourth day. I quickly uploaded it to three plagiarism websites to see if it flags up anything. It came up with 5% plagiarism so I properly paraphrased those areas and gave it to my best friend to prove-read and check for spelling mistakes. She came back with minor grammatical errors. I corrected them and began counting the days towards the completion of my masters program. I printed out the two copies as instructed and made an electronic copy. I took it to a local cafe over the weekend to bind it and submitted my work on the last day of submission. I returned home to submit another electron ic copy via turnitin. I was full of smiles when I realized it was all over. PERSONAL FEELINGS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE The AMP was a very challenging endeavor but I rose to the challenge. I was very confident of producing a good project until I was told the topic would be given to us. I was thrown completely off guard but I was determined to give off my best. The new experience was exciting at the same time very nerve wrecking. Since the week started off on a bad note, I was in no mood for surprises. However, it was as a result of this panic and feeling of anxiety that motivated me to work harder. As an Msc student, I was under pressure to apply what I had learnt in the classroom to a real life scenario. I must mention that the total weight the AMP carried as a unit also gave me the scare. My grades were not exactly that good so it was an opportunity for me to improve my performance. I was very upset when I was let down by some of the articles and journals I pilled up but with the experience from previous projects, I quickly recovered and in the end I was satisfied with the final outcome. There were a lot of lessons learnt during this project. I learnt that it is very bad to assume the form a project would take before you are assigned to it. I learnt that setting milestones and deadlines ensures that projects are delivered on time. Even though in my case I had so many short falls I was aware of what was needed to be achieved at each stage. Being organized focused and time conscious ensured that my project was delivered on time. One lesson also worth mentioning is the concept of planning a project structure. This enabled me to define the scope of my project to prevent me from deviating. In addition to this, the first week of the induction made me realize how important it was to work as part of a group. I would have loved to finish this project as part of a group work, but it gave me the opportunity to develop the skill of working on my own initiative. GROUP DYNAMICS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE According to Guirdham Maureen (2002), a group is defined as three or more people interacting together to complete a common task. Mullins (2007) agreed with Guirdham Maureen (2002) definition and went further to explain the five developmental stages of a group. That is Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. Applying that to my AMP group: Forming Stage: My group went into the Forming stage on the second day of the AMP week. There was no need to introduce ourselves because we knew each other. We had a brief discussion and arranged to meet the next day for our topic. Storming Stage: The group went into the storming phase when we were given our topic. We spent sometime reading the topic, trying to understand what was being asked of us. We shared ideas but we were unable to pinpoint what we were supposed to research on. We came together the next day still confused. But with the help of the assigned tutor, we started brainstorming and writing down keywords that would guide our research. It is important to note that there were some conflicts but the tutor present, managed to resolve all issues. We met on the final day with articles and journals to share. We were clear as to what was required of us and we all left the meeting satisfied. Norming Stage: This stage occurred towards the end of the last group meeting. We had most of our questions answered and we were in a good position to start our research. The groups norms were governed by the fact that we had a common task to complete even though it was to be done individually. We basically had to abide by good professional ethics and behavior which were acceptable as students. Performing Stage: This stage was the longest in the groups development. We worked individually and communicated ideas by email. Even though we had a common goal, the success of the project was based on each member giving off their best to obtain a good grade. Adjourning Stage: The group slowly died out when each member submitted their work. I must say it did end early for some as they worked faster than others. One lesson I learnt was that, whenever we came together to brainstorm and to share ideas, it promoted further understanding of the topic. This helped to calm nerves and assured us that we were on the right track. During the tutor lead discussions, each member of the group was offered an opportunity to shed more light on the topic. This encouraged members to expand on their ideas and elaborate further. In my case, my group leader served as a role model to me. She was energetic and organized. She motivated me to think faster and to improve my research skills. As far as I am concerned, there were no elements of group thinking. Each member was dynamic and argued out their points from different perspectives. Even though we all came from different cultural backgrounds, no one was intimidated. Every opinion was valued and conflicts were resolved amicably. Another lesson I also learnt as part of the group was that, I was able to work independently and effectively with the help of the feedbac ks I received from my group members. With the right group members, the most difficult project can seem very easy. LESSONS FOR FUTURE PROJECTS Looking back at the whole experience, I would say that the project has positively impacted the way I think and conduct research. Approaching a project with a negative attitude is not the best. It is natural to be nervous when embarking on a new project but panicking leads to more mistakes. In future, I would rely on my experience, remain calm and plan properly. To track my progress, I would also ensure that I set achievable and reasonable targets. Whenever possible, in future projects, I would ensure that I benefit from the groups dynamism and experience. As a personal motivating factor, in future projects, I would ensure that I work beyond my ability to motivate other members to do the same. Working under pressure is not always avoidable due to time constraints hence in future projects, I would ensure that I plan properly using the right tools such as Gantt charts as guidance. From the AMP experience, I would ensure that in future projects, I keep meaningful hand written notes and d iarize events incase a reflective report is required at the end of the project. Lastly, in sourcing for materials, I would ensure that only relevant materials are stored to enable me work effectively. CONCLUSION From the definition of reflection, it can be deduced that reflection is an essential part of learning and knowledge acquisition. We reflect because there is a subconscious purpose or reason which tends to improve our previous experience and give us further insight into the topic of discussion. Even though I started off on a sketchy path, I hit the road running once the scope and objective of the project was realized. With determination and the zeal to succeed, I followed the advice of tutors and good project management to reach my target. The AMP project was much difficult than I anticipated but the experience gained would certainly go a long way to improve my performance in future projects. Working as part of a group also expanded my horizon and presented me with new challenges. With the right motivation and team spirit, I gradually overcame my worries and anxiety. To conclude, even though I would have preferred choosing my own topic, I must confess that the topic given us was quite interesting and one that required much research. It would have been more interesting to work with our chosen groups throughout the duration of the project but that would have also discouraged individual dynamism and participation. The AMP experience was worthwhile considering the fact that we were working on a masters level. When given a similar project in the future I hope to tackle it with greater zeal and determination. I am of the view that with the right resources and motivation in the future, a much deeper research can be carried out on the topic.

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Battle of Atlantic

In the fall of 1939, the Atlantic Ocean was the dramatic setting of a fierce battle between the British and the Germans. At the time, most people thought that the Battle of the Atlantic may have decided World War II’s outcome. This battle was the deciding factor throughout the war. The battle of the Atlantic was a violent and destructive battle. Many people lost their lives fighting in this battle. New technology was one of the major factors in helping the allies win the long and crucial Battle of the Atlantic. The Battle of the Atlantic was a violent and destructive battle which caused chaos in the ocean. Many ships were built then blown up or sunk in sea and some may have survived. This battle was so violent and destructive that each side had its own strategy planned out exactly at when to use it. The allies mass-produced over 100 corvettes in 1943 and by 1945 the allies ships turned from 38 – 410 ship because in the spring of 1941, u-boats sunk about 500,000 tons of shipping good each month (u-boats are German submarines). May 1943 was the turning point of the allies. The allies moved from the defensive strategy to offensive; instead of the Germans hunting us, the RCN (Royal Canadian Navy) and company hunted them. By July, the Germans were only capable to destroy/sink 20 ships per month. â€Å"The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that ever frightened me. † –Winston Churchill One of the reasons that the Germans got so many kills was because they used a strategy called ‘wolf packs. ’ This strategy involves hunting in packs instead of separately; they would hunt with 3-4 ships minimum. Everyone was devastated when this battle erupted; it caused a lot of deaths as well as nightmares for the ones who survived. Up to this day, no one can forget this horrific battle because it was the longest running battle during World War II which was also one of the most destructive ones with the thousands of ships submerged beneath the cold, dark waters of the Atlantic During the 2,075 days of the Battle of the Atlantic, there were many deaths as well as ships sunk on each of the 2 sides. It may have seemed that Germany sunk more ships because they achieved to sink over 1000 ships in 600 months but they were the ones that lost the most. One of the reasons Canada joined the war is because the Germans sunk a passenger ship ‘SS Athenia’ on the coast of Ireland on September 3, 1939 which resulted in 4 Canadians killed. The Germans might have sunk the ship by accident or on purpose but either way, they have killed 4 Canadians and the prime minster was not pleased. There were 95,000 uniformed men and women in the navy. After the war, 2,210 Canadians died; 6 of them were women, 24 warships and 2,900 other ships (merchants etc) sunk including 14 million tons of shipping goods. On the other hand, the Germans lost 800 u-boats, 42 enemy surface crafts and 30,000 of the 39,000 Germans never returned. Although many Canadians died in this ongoing battle, we (the navy) commemorate them for their actions during this battle every year on the first Sunday of May. The allies (RC/RCN) struggled throughout the war because of the lack of technology. In the 1940’s a new sonar system was created to help the allies detect the enemies. In the beginning, the allies only had an early type of sonar called ‘ASDIC’ (Allied Submarine Detection Investigation Committee). ASDIC was most effective when used underwater where the allies could detect long range u-boats but on surface, the u-boats were undetectable. As the war continued, allies were equipped with a better, more advanced sonar system which could detect u-boats underwater and even on the surface in dense fog; the allies perfected the technique ‘Radio Directional Finding’ (RDF) as they received this new enhanced technology. With the new technology in hand, the allies had a special feature; they could locate wolf packs accurately using the u-boat radio transmissions. The results of the new features and technological innovations were fantastic; the allies could hold their ground against the u-boats when escorting ships such as merchants etc. Since we now have the advanced technology of the sonar from the battle, our sonar technology is improving every day. When the Battle of the Atlantic came to an end, World War II was close to the end. With many injured, dead and submerged under the waters of the Atlantic, they helped the allies win the battle and defeat the Germans as well as innovating the sonar and navy technology. Every year on the first Sunday of May, the navy would commemorate the ones who fought in the Battle of the Atlantic as they did some heroic actions leading the allies into victory!Bibliography http://wwii.ca/page-54/-battle-of-the-atlantic-.html

Complusion essays

Complusion essays In the movie Compulsion John Wilk was given a job that seemed practically impossible. He was to defend Judd and Artie the confessed murderer of the Kessler boy. Before he was given the job the boys had already confessed to the cold blooded murder. There was really no way that he could convince the judge that the boys werent sick and that they deserved to live in prison instead of being hanged. But he did succeed; he put together the perfect closing statement just as the boys thought that they had committed the perfect crime. Wilk argued that no matter if the boys were hung or not, the killing in the world wouldnt stop. Other sick boys would still kill and other people would still kill no matter if these cold blooded killers were dead or alive. He wasnt just pleading for the boys lives he was pleading for the future of the world. He was trying to say that just because these sick boys premeditated a serious crime doesnt mean that the court has the right to premeditate the boys being hung. Wilk was saying that the court had been planning ways to take the boys lives. He was trying to say that you cant kill hate and evil with cruelty you have to kill it with love and caring. He just didnt want the court to use the same cruelty to kill the sick boys that they used to kill Paulie Kessler. He very clearly described what it would be like if the boys were hung and made it sound just as inhumane as their terrible murder. I think that the way Jonathan Wilk argued for the boys lives was the most intelligent and well thought out plea that the judge had no other choice but to sentence the boys to life in prison. The argument was simply turned back onto the court he tried to make everyone realize that to take the boys lives isnt just as bad as murder it is worse. For a state to disregard the thought of evil to make them think they have achieved justice through taking the lives of...